Development Of Several Different Types Research Articles

Analysis of the development of five generation of anti-armor missile systems

The modern way of conducting combat operations has led to an expansion in the development of various combat systems. Experiences from modern military operations indicate that regardless of the place of combat operations, maneuvering ground or urban space, the systems for counter-attack ATGMs represent a very important weapon that contributes to the success of combat operations and is significantly represented in the arsenal of many armies. The paper presents the development of five generations of anti-armor missile systems, as important weapons whose main task is to destroy and neutralize tanks, combat armored vehicles, MRAP vehicles and non-combat vehicles, fortifications and bunkers at different firing ranges. Different tactical-technical features of the mentioned systems, development of several different types and generations of anti-aircraft missiles and the conditions in which they are used have led to the complexity of the problem of anti-aircraft missile systems research. An analysis of the development of anti-armor missile systems was carried out and a conclusion was drawn on the degree of efficiency of the mentioned systems in combat operations, with a proposal for the implementation of anti-armor missile systems of the third, fourth and fifth generation in infantry units. The paper also shows the requirements for the next generation of anti-armor systems.

Abstract PO-270: Evaluation of attitudes, beliefs and influences and their impact on HPV vaccination rates among minority health science students

Abstract Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease. The contraction of HPV is associated with the development of several different types of cancers, including anal, cervical, and oropharyngeal cancers. These cancers have proven to impact Black and Hispanic women disproportionately across the United States, suffering from high rates of HPV infection and high incidence of cervical cancer. Despite knowledge of this risk, HPV vaccination rates remain low among minority women. Personal beliefs and access surrounding HPV vaccination may be contributors to these disparities. This survey aims to study the motivations behind the choice to receive HPV vaccination among health science students. Health science students are the target for this study as they are uniquely situated as the future providers of their communities. If the study is able to gauge how they feel about HPV vaccination, then the scientific community can target interventions to impact change beginning with the providers themselves. Females specifically were chosen as they are the primary targets of HPV vaccination. HPV vaccination rates among female health science students are a secondary result. Methods: A 37-item electronic survey was sent out to female health science students at the University of Florida which include the schools of Dentistry, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Public Health, and Veterinary Science. The online survey was then distributed in July of 2021 through Qualtrics. The survey evaluated previous HPV knowledge, motivations for or against HPV vaccination, and beliefs surrounding HPV vaccination. Results: The survey was delivered and distributed in July of 2021. In this study there are four different types of questions analyzed to gather information on previous HPV knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and external influences. Results will be categorized and compared based on race/ethnicity. By analyzing these groups there is an opportunity to understand how one's racial or ethnic background can affect their medical decisions in health science students and the recommendations they give to others. Results are pending. Conclusion: This being the first study of its kind warrants further investigation as health science students are trusted individuals of the medical community. If these students are against HPV vaccination, then medical schools could target interventions to teach students about racial disparities in HPV infection and vaccination recommendation. So, when given the opportunity as a provider these students can recommend vaccination to their patients. These results are indicative of knowledge gaps and attitudes within the younger generations of the medical community. Citation Format: Katya M Marcia, John M Allen. Evaluation of attitudes, beliefs and influences and their impact on HPV vaccination rates among minority health science students [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-270.

Asymmetric Catalytic Halofunctionalization of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.

Halofunctionalization methods enable the vicinal difunctionalization of alkenes with heteroatom nucleophiles and halogen moieties. As a fundamental transformation in organic synthesis, the catalytic asymmetric variants have only recently been reported. In sharp contrast to the asymmetric halocyclization of simple alkenes which involves a nucleophile-assisted alkene activation process, the asymmetric halofunctionalization of enones developed by our laboratory features an electrophile-assisted 1,4-addition pathway. Our work in this area has resulted in the development of several different types of regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective processes, including inter- and intramolecular haloaminations, haloetherifications, and haloazidations. The scope, updated mechanism, limitations, and future perspective of these reactions are discussed.

The transcription factor ATF5: role in cellular differentiation, stress responses, and cancer.

Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is a cellular prosurvival transcription factor within the basic leucine zipper (bZip) family that is involved in cellular differentiation and promotes cellular adaptation to stress. Recent studies have characterized the oncogenic role of ATF5 in the development of several different types of cancer, notably glioblastoma. Preclinical assessment of a systemically deliverable dominant-negative ATF5 (dnATF5) biologic has found that targeting ATF5 results in tumor regression and tumor growth inhibition of glioblastoma xenografts in mouse models. In this review, we comprehensively and critically detail the current scientific literature on ATF5 in the context of cellular differentiation, survival, and response to stressors in normal tissues. Furthermore, we will discuss how the prosurvival role of ATF5 aides in cancer development, followed by current advances in targeting ATF5 using dominant-negative biologics, and perspectives on future research.

C═N-Containing Azaarenes as Activating Groups in Enantioselective Catalysis

Nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles (azaarenes) are of widespread chemical significance, and chiral compounds containing azaarenes feature prominently in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and natural products. This Perspective highlights the use of a relatively underdeveloped strategy to prepare chiral azaarene-containing compounds: exploitation of the C═N bond embedded within certain azaarenes to activate adjacent functionality in catalytic asymmetric reactions. Work in this area has resulted in the development of several different types of catalytic enantioselective processes, including reductions, nucleophilic additions, and reductive couplings. It is hoped that this Perspective will encourage more researchers to work in this promising area.

English

Introduction Diabetes and cancer are prevalent diseases whose incidence is globally increasing. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for the development of several different types of cancer, including that of the colon and pancreas both in men and women, breast cancer in women and cancer of the liver and bladder in men. Nutritional assessment is an essential step in the global management of diabetic cancer patients. Malnutrition occurs due to a variety of mechanisms, involving the tumour, the host response to the tumour and anticancer therapies (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy). In diabetic patients with cancer, malnutrition is a significant cause of morbidity, with high rate of toxicities during chemotherapy and radiotherapy, increased hospital length of stay, increased treatment costs and altered quality of life. Further, in diabetic cancer people, anorexia and cachexia can co-exist to determine the anorexia–cachexia syndrome, which acts synergistically to impact patients’ morbidity and mortality. Indeed, the concurrence of diabetes and cancer results in profound changes in the protein, lipid and glucose metabolism, in turn causing inefficient use of the energy and plastic substrates. The aim of this paper was to discuss nutrition in diabetic people with cancer. Conclusion The best way to treat cancer cachexia is to cure the cancer, although unfortunately this remains an infrequent achievement among adults with advanced solid tumours. Introduction Diabetes and cancer are prevalent diseases whose incidence is globally increasing1. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor for the development of several different types of cancer including that of the colon and pancreas both in men and women, breast cancer in women and cancer of the liver and bladder in men. The link between T2DM and certain types of cancer was first postulated many years ago and it was believed that the relationship could be entirely attributable to the direct effects of diabetes, such as hyperglycemia1,2. Current thinking suggests that diabetes is a possible marker of altered cancer risk due to changes in underlying metabolic conditions, including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia, via their influence on neoplastic processes2. Nutritional assessment is an essential step in the global management of diabetic cancer patients, in order to distinguish malnourished and non-malnourished patients3. The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition guidelines defined malnutrition as an involuntary loss or gain of > 10% of usual body weight in 6 months or > 5% in one month4. Malnutrition occurs due to a variety of mechanisms, involving the tumour, the host response to the tumour and anticancer therapies (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy)5. In diabetic patients with cancer, malnutrition is a significant cause of morbidity, with high rate toxicities during chemotherapy and radiotherapy, increased hospital length of stay, increased treatment costs, decreased performance status and altered quality of life6. Cachexia is more common in elderly patients and becomes more pronounced as the disease progresses. The prevalence of cachexia increases from 50% to more than 80% before death and in more than 20% of patients, cachexia is the main cause of death7. In diabetic cancer patients, anorexia and cachexia can co-exist to determine the ‘anorexia–cachexia syndrome’8 that acts synergistically to impact patients’ morbidity, mortality and quality of life9. The presence and severity of anorexia–cachexia syndrome reduce overall survival, contribute to the occurrence of postoperative complications, increase the toxicity induced by radio-chemotherapy, while reducing the sensitivity of tumour cells to antineoplastic treatment. In addition, it lowers the immune response and ultimately becomes the source of psychological stress for the patient and family. This paper discusses the management of diabetic cancer patients including the attempt to address and possibly solve typical diabetes and tumour metabolic changes, reduced caloric intake secondary to the presence of cancer anorexia and specific nutritional requirements by the tumour itself. Discussion The ‘anorexia–cachexia syndrome’ in diabetic cancer patients For a long time, the nutritional problems of diabetic cancer patients * Corresponding author Email: ottavio.giampietro@med.unipi.it Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa

Robotic Horse-Training Technologies for Cutting and Campdrafting Competitions

Annual Rodeo and Campdrafting (cow or bull/steer control) contests have grown in popularity in rural areas around the world, particularly in the US, Europe, Mexico and Australia. Bull-riding and horse-riding contests, and horse and steer roping events are often spectacular and keep large crowds enthralled. Various types of equine events also provide opportunities for horse breeders, cattle farmers and horse trainers to demonstrate advanced horse control and steer guidance skills. In a ‘Cutting’ contest, the horse must prevent a single cow from returning to its herd by intercepting it and blocking its path for the longest possible time within competition rules. In a ‘Campdrafting’ contest, the horse-rider must guide or force a single steer to follow a specific course or pathway by making the steer move around two or three fixed points and through a gate. Even after a short amount of training time (typically even just a few minutes), steers (bulls) tend to tire easily and end up stopping or sitting down to rest. Horse trainers find this problem frustrating and need better and more reliable methods to help train their competition horses over much longer periods of time, to give their horses an edge over their competition. This paper describes the development of several different types of robots that can be used for preparing horses for competitions, namely, the ‘Cutting’ contest (steer blocking) and the ‘Campdrafting’ (or steer-control) contest. Both of these types of equine contests will be described along with the mechatronic designs and control methods for remote controlled prototypes that have been built for training horses for such events. Development problems have been experienced and proposed solutions are also described, along with recommendations for future fully-autonomous designs which promise better control and performance. Other farming and agricultural uses for this type of technology are also discussed briefly.

Genetically engineered Tobacco mosaic virus as nanoparticle vaccines

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is an RNA virus that typically infects plants but has recently been adapted for vaccine development, owing to the suitability of the virions for modifications as nanoparticles. TMV also has a simple functional structure of a 6.4 Kb (+)-strand RNA encapsidated by a single coat protein, which permits facile genetic manipulation. In this review, we describe recent advances in the manipulation of TMV for the development of several different types of vaccines, including ones that induce antibody and T-cell responses that are protective in pathogen and tumor challenge animal models. Lastly, we describe how TMV self-assembly properties are being used to make a new mammalian RNA pseudovirus, that has unique characteristics for RNA and protein antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells.

Nucleation and initial growth of a shear zone network within compositionally and structurally heterogeneous granitoids under amphibolite facies conditions

In the Neves area, the pre-Alpine intrusive protolith of the Zentralgneise unit (Tauern window, Eastern Alps) is well preserved in a kilometric-scale low-strain domain without pervasive Alpine deformation. It is compositionally heterogeneous, consisting predominantly of granodiorites, with lesser leucocratic granites, and different generations of lamprophyres and aplites. The intrusive rocks are crosscut by fractures that were locally infiltrated by fluids and surrounded by alteration haloes. Incipient Alpine amphibolite facies ductile deformation is strongly localized on these precursor fractures and on lithological planar heterogeneities, resulting in the development of several different types of shear zones. Fractures without alteration haloes initially accommodate slip entirely on the fracture itself. With increasing deformation, a foliation is progressively developed in the adjacent host rock, eventually producing a single heterogeneous “ductile” shear zone with the typical sigmoidal foliation pattern. Strong layers (aplite dykes and bleached alteration haloes developed to either side of precursor fractures) localize shear on their boundaries to produce characteristic paired shear zones. Shearing is more evenly distributed within weak layers (lamprophyres and quartz veins), with a marked discontinuity in shear strain against the adjacent, little deformed granodiorite. Shear zone development was accompanied by the formation of new fractures and quartz-rich veins in the host rock, which in turn also localized shear. Magmatic contacts, fractures and quartz veins are mostly steeply dipping and effectively span the complete range of strike orientations. The kinematics of the overprinting (strike-slip) shear zones was determined by the orientation of the initial discontinuities relative to the local principal compressive stress axis σ 1 (here oriented ca. 345°). Discontinuities of almost all orientations show shear reactivation, even in the case of very low resolved shear stress, indicating an overall viscous response of the system without a specific yield stress. The geometry and kinematics of the shear zone network suggest that the overall deformation in low-strain domains was close to coaxial. During deformation along the shear zone network, compatibility was maintained by fracturing (with the development of new quartz veins) and by distributed ductile deformation of the host rock, especially within contractional domains of the shear network and at shear zone intersections. Deformation never propagates into the undeformed homogeneous granodiorite as discrete ductile shear zones but is limited by the original extent of the precursor discontinuities. Shear zone development in intact rock is always preceded by fracturing, which localizes subsequent shear reactivation.

Technology of Displays

Dowling College Library's Display Committee has found that collaboration and the innovative use of technical services have enhanced the library's displays. Minor changes in the catalog assist researchers while use of HTML and the Web gives the displays a wider reach. The collaborative nature of the display-making process allows for flexibility in achieving the library's mission: to support a dynamic, diverse, and stimulating learning environment. This article will review the intricate role of technical services in the development of several different types of library displays at Dowling College, demonstrate the creative process involved in display development, and show how changing technology adds value to displays.

Next stop, the twilight zone: hedgehog network regulation of mammary gland development.

The hedgehog signal transduction network is a critical mediator of cell-cell communication during embryonic development. Evidence also suggests that properly regulated hedgehog network function is required in some adult organs for stem cell maintenance or renewal. Mutation, or misexpression, of network genes is implicated in the development of several different types of cancer, particularly that of skin, brain, lung, and pancreas. Recent studies in the mouse mammary gland have demonstrated roles for hedgehog network genes at virtually every phase of mammary gland development where it regulates such diverse processes as embryonic mammary gland induction, establishment of ductal histoarchitecture, and functional differentiation in lactation. Further, studies suggest a role for misregulated network function in the progression of breast cancer.

Mutation detection in the TGF-beta receptors and smad genes: RT-PCR and sequencing.

AbstractThe transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway is important in the growth control of many different cell types, particularly epithelial cells, and is often disrupted in the development of several different types of cancer. Many tumor cell lines are resistant to the growth suppressive effects of TGF-β (1–3). In some tumors, this resistance the result of mutations in the TGF-β receptors or the smad family of downstream TGF-β signaling proteins (4–8). The purpose of this chapter is to give this laboratory’s current protocols for mutation detection in the TGF-β receptors and the smad genes.KeywordsSmad GeneGrowth Suppressive EffectPremix ReactionAlanine RepeatThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Biochemical biomarkers in ecotoxicology — some recent developments

Biochemical biomarkers measure the exposure of organisms to environmental chemicals. They can also provide measures of toxic effect, e.g. where they are based on molecular mechanisms which underly toxicity. Ideally, biomarkers should be sensitive, specific, simple to use and suitable for the assay of material obtained by non-destructive sampling procedures (e.g. of blood). Recently, there has been encouraging progress in the development of several different types of biomarker assays: (1) The measurement of inhibition of serum ‘B’ esterases to monitor exposure of birds to organophosphorus insecticides. (2) The measurement of DNA damage caused by aromatic hydrocarbons. DNA adduct formation has been studied using the 32P-postlabelling technique. Several other techniques are currently under investigation. (3) The measurement of disturbances to the transthyretin-retinol binding protein complex caused by a metabolite of 3,4,3′,4′,tetrachlorobiphenyl. (4) The measurement of precursors of clotting proteins in blood following the inhibition of the Vitamin K cycle by anticoagulant rodenticides. Of these examples, the first is only a biomarker of exposure but the remaining three examples are, in principle, biomarkers of toxic effect since they all represent measures of molecular mechanisms which underly toxicity. Biochemical biomarkers have considerable potential for measuring effects of chemicals under field conditions — especially where carefully selected combinations of them are used.

Magnetic separation techniques: their application to medicine.

Whilst separation techniques relying on gravitational forces have become relatively sophisticated in their application to biology the same is not true for magnetic separation procedures. The use of the latter has been limited to the few cells which contain paramagnetic iron. However with the development of several different types of magnetic particles and selective delivery system (e.g. monoclonal antibodies) the use of magnetic separation techniques is growing rapidly. This review describes the different types of particles currently available, the magnetic separation technique applied to the different magnetic compounds and illustrates major uses to which magnetic separation procedures are currently applied in the area of biology and medicine.

En Route to the Piano: A Converted Virginal

Previous articleNext article No AccessEn Route to the Piano: A Converted VirginalEdwin M. RipinEdwin M. Ripin Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Metropolitan Museum Journal Volume 131978 Sponsored by the Metropolitan Museum of Art Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/1512712 Views: 3Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.